One of the most common hormonal conditions, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes a surplus production of androgens, which in turn results in irregular ovulation. Some women may even stop ovulating altogether.
Irregular or absent menstrual cycles are the primary symptom of PCOS, although the increased level of androgens may cause acne and excessive hair growth in abnormal areas, including the legs, chest, abdomen, and face. Other symptoms include acanthosis nigricans, a darkening of the skin in the neck, armpit, and groin, along with heavy vaginal bleeding. During a normal menstrual cycle, the woman’s body produces progesterone for two weeks after ovulation, which plays an important role in the shedding of the uterine lining. If the body does not ovulate, it does not produce progesterone, which can result in an extremely thick uterine lining and heavy, prolonged bleeding.
Researchers are unsure about the exact cause of PCOS, although some studies have suggested a genetic link. Medical professionals generally diagnose PCOS by identifying the physical signs and symptoms, and blood tests can confirm the diagnosis. No cure has been found, but physicians can help patients manage their particular symptoms. For women who do not want to become pregnant, birth control medication often proves helpful in establishing regular periods, replacing progesterone, and keeping androgen levels in check. When women wish to become pregnant, fertility experts can help them establish regular ovulation.
Regulating ovulation may involve several different approaches. Women who are overweight often experience a number of benefits simply by making changes to their diet and increasing their physical activity. These changes help control the symptoms of PCOS and may even encourage a more regular ovulation cycle. In addition, physicians may prescribe medications such as antiandrogens and progesterone pills.
Dr. Sami David 